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| c. 1450 |
| | | The Swedish Riksdag includes peasants as a fourth estate, alongside clergy, nobles and burghers | |
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| 1520 |
| | | Eighty distinguished Swedish citizens are executed together on the main square, in what becomes known as the Stockholm Bloodbath | |
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| 1523 |
| | | The Vasa dynasty in Sweden begins with the seizing of the throne by Gustavus I | |
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| 1527 |
| | | Gustavus I of Sweden fills his coffers by appropriating the property of Catholic churches and monasteries | |
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| 1563 |
| | | The Northern Seven Years' War breaks out between Denmark and Sweden | |
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| 1581 |
| | | Finland is granted the status of a separate grand duchy within the realm of Sweden | |
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| 1617 |
| | | The treaty of Stolbova brings into Swedish hands the coast round the Gulf of Finland, ending Russian access to the Baltic | |
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| c. 1625 |
| | | Gustavus II, king of Sweden, conscripts and trains an army far more mobile than those of his rivals | |
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| c. 1625 |
| | | Ordnance factories in Sweden begin producing light but powerful field artillery, easy to move on the battlefield | |
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| 1629 |
| | | After years of warfare, the truce of Altmark gives Estonia and most of Latvia to Sweden | |
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